Floride

Cet État du sud des États-Unis voisin de l'Alabama et la Georgie, forme une péninsule longue de 700 km entre le golfe du Mexique à l'ouest et l'océan Atlantique à l'est, et prolongée au sud par l'archipel des Keys. 151.670 km² pour 15 millions d'habitants. Sa capitale est Tallahassee (125.000 h.).

La Floride a la plus faible altitude moyenne de tous les États américains (environ 20 m) : le point culminant se situe à 105 m. À l'extrême sud, la pente est si faible que la stagnation des eaux de pluie a donné naissance à l'immense marais tropical des Everglades, dont une partie est protégée par le statut de parc national.

Le climat est quasi tropical à la pointe sud (le tropique n'est qu'à 200 km au sud de Key West). La Floride a des hivers doux (janvier 19°), des étés chauds (juillet 27°5) et humides (l'air a un degré hygrométrique supérieur à 85 %). Le Nord a des hivers moins cléments (12°5 à Jacksonville). Les cyclones (hurricanes) surviennent souvent entre juin et octobre et causent des dégâts aux cultures et aux habitations. Le courant marin issu du golfe (Gulf Stream) contourne la péninsule et pénètre dans l'Atlantique par le détroit de Floride. Ses eaux chaudes (28°) permettent la croissance des coraux ; l'archipel des Keys, long de 225 km, est une enfilade d'îles coralliennes reliées les unes aux autres par l'autoroute fédérale n°1 qui aboutit à Key West.

Floride - Miami - Floride - Orlando - Floride - Key West - Floride - Miami Beach - Floride - Everglades - Floride

Floride
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